He provided historic assistance in the convening of the Erzurum Congress and the consolidation of Mustafa Kemal's leadership. However, in the stage of the Republic and reforms that followed military victories, he fell into violent disagreements with Mustafa Kemal regarding the administration of the state and the structure of the Parliament. As one of the pioneers of the Progressive Republican Party, he adopted an elitist approach that advocated for the guardianship of the army and conservative 'experts' over the parliament.
