God or Nature is the single and absolute Substance upon which Spinoza's ethics is built. It is absolutely not the anthropomorphic creator mechanism described by traditional religions that gets angry, shows mercy, or possesses a will. Everything that exists consists of Him; He and only He is the cause of His own existence (Causa Sui). He has infinite attributes, the primary ones being Extension and Thought, and infinite manifestations of His attributes. Every event, object, and thought in the world and in our minds is a mode erupting from these infinite attributes of His. In Him, everything operates with infinite necessity; luck, purpose, or supernatural coincidences cannot exist in His order. That He is free is only due to the fact that He compels Himself according to the laws of His own nature. Within the circle of the Ethics, God is the purest rational perception, and the pleasure derived from Him is the most powerful emotion that leads humanity to lasting wisdom and enlightenment.
He has no history or 'moment of creation'. 'Time' is an artificial boundary humans have constructed around His existence. Yet, outside of time and space, beginningless and endless, He determines Himself perpetually. Although His nature is assumed to be understood through miracles and revelations in religious texts, in Spinoza’s universe, all these perceptions of miracles arise only from the ignorant people’s inability to grasp this absolute perfection in natural laws.
It does not have a physical body (an anthropocentric form), but it is visible in the flow of the seas in nature, the vastness of the sky, the rational beauty of proofs in geometry, or the unshakable order of a blade of grass emerging from the soil (Extension). Every shape that exists in nature is His physical manifestation.
Baruch Spinoza
The philosopher who attempted to classify Him as the only substance that can be understood by humans through philosophical arguments, and who stood against his society for this cause.
Özgür İnsan
The ideal reflection that, because they have defeated their passions, adheres peacefully to His existence (the substance) through rational knowledge.
Köle / Bilgisiz İnsan
The blind masses who mistake Him for a wrathful tyrant and embark upon false worship.