George Orwell
George Orwell's cult work Animal Farm is an allegorical political satire that tells the story of animals who unite against human exploitation to take control of the farm, aiming to establish a more equal order, only to transform over time into an authoritarian and corrupt dictatorship.
The struggle of ordinary animals to escape oppression and exploitation to build an equal, free society, which suffers an internal and external betrayal as the very pigs leading the rebellion seize power and become corrupt. A tragic conflict between the pure ideals of revolution and the selfish, ruthless dictatorship of the leaders.
Manor Farm, owned by Mr. Jones, in the English countryside, which is renamed 'Animal Farm' during the independent intervening period.
Indefinite, the first half of the twentieth century (years that allegorically reflect the Russian Revolution and the subsequent Soviet Russia period).
A tense, initially hopeful and enthusiastic, but gradually darkening, oppressive, distrustful, ironic, and gloomy atmosphere prevails.
An omniscient, third-person divine narrator; however, the style is a fable-like voice that relays events from the pure, gullible perspective of uneducated animals, thereby creating striking drama and sharp situational irony.
A free Animalism republic initially founded on the principles that 'All animals are equal' and 'Four legs good, two legs bad,' where human behaviors (wearing clothes, sleeping in beds, trading) are strictly forbidden. However, the rules are secretly altered at night by the pigs who monopolize power with paintbrushes; an elitist, bloody, and punitive hierarchy exists that evolves into the point where 'All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others.'
An allegorical culture tightly woven into the historical context of Karl Marx's ideas, the Russian Revolution, the Stalinist purges, and totalitarian regimes, beginning with the rebellion of animals representing the oppressed working class in a human-centric world of domination.
Characters are arranged at equal intervals on a circle; you can read the relationship type and dynamics by clicking on the lines.
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Although they initially cooperate as the two important leaders of the revolution, they eventually clash on everything. While Snowball pursues projects and social progress, Napoleon builds a military force (puppies) behind the scenes to solidify his dictatorship and permanently tilt the balance of power in his favor.
Napoleon unexpectedly making a high-pitched sound during the vote for the windmill plans and unleashing the dogs he had secretly trained upon Snowball.
While Napoleon rules through fear and violence, Squealer represents the soft power that provides legitimacy to this oppressive regime. Squealer is entirely obedient to Napoleon, justifies his crimes, and functions as a perfect demagogue in the maintenance of power.
Squealer being caught with a paint pot at night when the Seven Commandments on the walls are canceled or altered.
There is a deep bond that remains unspoken between the strongest and purest character on the farm and the oldest and most cynical. Although Benjamin finds no value in anything, he agrees to graze next to Boxer during his free days and breaks his indifference only for him when he senses disaster.
The two of them sitting side-by-side without saying a word in the small meadow beyond the orchard on Sundays, and Benjamin crying out and trying to stop the cart when Boxer is taken to the horse slaughterer.
Both are the long-suffering and hardworking horses of the farm. Their shared fate brings them closer. Clover is constantly worried about Boxer's desire to overwork and tries to care for him in a motherly way as he ages, but she cannot prevent his blind loyalty.
Clover making poultices for Boxer after the Battle of the Cowshed and advising him to work less, warning him that 'a horse's lungs cannot last forever.'
Although they do not have a direct physical confrontation, Old Major's idea of rebellion is entirely against Jones's colonial order and tyranny. Major identifies Jones as the primary cause of animal misery.
Old Major's speech at the meeting where he describes his dream, saying, 'Remove Man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished forever.'
While Boxer is Napoleon's greatest supporter and the backbone of the farm, Napoleon treats him like an object or cheap labor. Even as Boxer says 'Napoleon is always right' with his dying breath, Napoleon cold-bloodedly sells him to the knacker once he becomes tired and ill.
The fact that when Boxer fell ill, Napoleon claimed to have arranged for a hospital, while secretly sending him to the knacker instead.
Clover is a dignified mother figure who upholds the morality of the revolution, while Mollie is entirely focused on selfishness and showmanship. Clover notices Mollie's secret weakness for her former human masters and warns her sternly, but Mollie cannot withstand this pressure and runs away.
Clover confronting and questioning Mollie sternly when she catches her secretly talking to a man from a neighboring farm at the hedge and allowing him to stroke her nose.
Snowball wants to instill the revolution's philosophy, Animalism, in the animals, but struggles to tolerate Mollie's highly superficial and selfish questions. He views Mollie's passion for luxury (ribbons) as a symbol of slavery.
Snowball countering Mollie's silly questions like 'Will there still be sugar after the Rebellion?' and 'Will I still be able to wear ribbons?' by declaring, 'Those ribbons are the badge of slavery.'
Although Boxer is completely uneducated, he is honest and can sometimes sense the wrongness in the course of events (especially in resisting the claims that Snowball is a traitor). Squealer is forced to overwhelm Boxer's strong but limited mind with complex, persuasive, and threatening rhetoric.
Boxer refusing to accept Squealer's claim that Snowball was an agent; however, the moment Squealer says 'Comrade Napoleon says so,' Boxer immediately yields.
They are former enemies, but they begin secret trade out of necessity. Napoleon, thinking himself very cunning, sells the timber to Frederick, but the more cunning Frederick defrauds Napoleon with counterfeit money and subsequently launches a bloody attack on the farm.
Napoleon's sudden issuance of a death warrant, saying Frederick should be 'boiled alive,' after the counterfeit banknotes were discovered following the timber sale.
